312. Order cannot be maintained in the world without persons in authority (pacefecti) who ought to take notice of all things which happen according to order, and of all things which take place in opposition to order, and who ought to reward those who live according to order, and to punish those who live in opposition to order. Unless this is done, the human race must perish. For by heredity the desire of ruling over others, and of possessing the goods of others, is connate in every one, whence there arise enmities, feelings of envy, hatred, revenge, deceit, cruelty, and many other evils. Unless, therefore, men are kept in bonds by the laws, and by rewards suitable to their loves, which are honours and gains for those who do good; and by punishments in opposition to those loves for those who do evil, and which consist in the loss of honour, of possessions and of life - the human race would perish.