A person's spirit, regarded as an object, is nothing but his mind. It is this which lives on after death, and it is then called a spirit; if he is good, an angelic spirit and later an angel, if wicked, a satanic spirit and afterwards a Satan. Everyone's mind is his internal man, which is the real person and resides within the external man composed of his body. So when the body is cast off as the result of death, the internal man has a fully human form. Those, then, are in error who believe that a person's mind resides only in his head. There it is only in its beginnings, from which first emerge everything a person's understanding allows him to think and his will induces him to do. But in the body the mind is present in derivatives from those beginnings, and these have been so constructed as to permit sensation and action. Since it is inwardly attached to the bodily structures, it imparts to them sensation and movement, together with a feeling that the body thinks and acts of itself. Yet every intelligent person knows that this is a fallacy. Now since a person's spirit is allowed by his understanding to think and is induced by his will to act, and the body does not do so of itself but from the spirit, it follows that a person's spirit means his intelligence and the affection of his love, and everything which comes from it and acts.

[2] There are numerous passages in the Word to prove that a person's spirit means such things as are to do with the mind; their mere quotation will show anyone that this is so. The following are a few among many:

Bezaleel was filled with the spirit of wisdom, intelligence and knowledge. Exod. 31:3.

Nebuchadnezzar said of Daniel that an outstanding spirit of knowledge, intelligence and wisdom was in him. Dan. 5:12, 14.

Joshua was filled with the spirit of wisdom. Deut. 34:9.

Make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit. Ezek. 18:31.

Blessed are the poor in spirit, for of such is the kingdom of the heavens. Matt. 5:3.

I dwell in a broken and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble. Isa. 57:15.

The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. Ps. 51:17.

I will give a cloak of praise in place of a depressed spirit. Isa. 61:3.

Spirit also stands for the products of a wrong and unjust mind, as these passages prove:

He said to the foolish prophets, who run after their own spirit. Ezek. 13:3. Conceive chaff, bring forth stubble; as to your spirit, fire shall devour you. Isa. 33:11.

A man who is in spirit a vagabond and utters a lie. Micah 2:11.

A generation whose spirit is not steadfast with God. Ps. 78:8.

A spirit of whoring. Hosea 4:12; 5:4.

That every heart may melt and every spirit be depressed. Ezek. 21:7.

That which rises upon your spirit shall never be. Ezek. 20:32.

Provided there is no deceit in his spirit. Ps. 32:2.

The spirit of Pharaoh was troubled. Gen. 41:8.

Likewise that of Nebuchadnezzar. Dan. 2:3.

These and very many other passages plainly establish that spirit means a person's mind and what is to do with it.